Among the numerous comorbidities that affect people living with HIV (PLWH), an increased prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis has been observed across a range of studies. The etiology of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in this population has been linked to various factors, including those associated with HIV infection and treatment, as well as unrelated factors.
As a result, PLWH has a greater prevalence of fractures compared with the general population, with one study showing rates of 2.87 vs 1.77 per 100 people per year, especially involving the spine, hip, and wrist.
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